I am pretty sure the FCC has some basic guidelines on this. I think I looked into it a few years ago, although I wasn't trying exactly what you might be. I think I was trying to find out about what frequencies I could legally transmit on without licensing and what the restrictions were. I was neither concerned about what was legal in a practical sense, or getting licensed, I was just curious how I could get the greatest differences with the least interference for somewhat common receivers and not have someone track me down to fine me/lock me up.
On the legal vs. able to purchase, many of the 2 way radio sets you can buy at many stores include freqs anyone can use (below a certain power) and also some that are only usable by those who are licensed. The licensed stuff reaches a greater distance, so it is rather stupid to include it if most people can't use it. The radios in the toy section usually skip those requiring licensing. Then there is CB and such.
I thought there was someone around here that is more knowlegdeable of this stuff. Maybe they are not from or near the US, or they might not have seen this thread.
Out of curiosity, Silent-Hunter, are you more concerned with staying legal or just experimenting? As WizardStan said, as long as things are not noticeable by others you are probably fine, but that doesn't mean it is legal. I would probably just play around until I got to the point where I was transmitting on freqs or with enough power that it might cause problems, and then I would do a lot of research, so I am just wondering what matters to you...and what you have in mind.