You won't be able to use Microsoft stuff obviously, so Visual *, C#, and J# and *.NET are out. will be somewhat usable through Mono and related open-source projects, though it obviously won't have DirectX or other proprietary MS stuff.
But if your, say, Visual C++ code can be compiled on Linux with Make or whatever, and if it doesn't use closed-source libraries such as DirectX, it should be able to compile on the Pandora as well.
Other than that, just about anything should work as long as you have the libraries and headers installed.
Bytecode and scripting languages such as Lua, Javascript, Python, Java should work nicely between Pandora, desktop Linux, and desktop Windows. In theory, at least.
As for IDEs, that's more difficult. Many of them like to either have a huge array of unlabelled small icons (Visual Studio last I saw) or a small array of gigantic icons and sidepanels (Qt Creator).
I'm probably going for a code-highlighting text editor and a terminal until I can find something better. Something like Kate + Konsole or Xterm + SciTE or whatever gets ported first.