I also have a coolermaster ext case with an old 30gig eide drive in it out of an old laptop, that runs off just one usb port just fine with no extra leads or connections needed, so you can obviously get drives that draw little enough power
Obviously, I never said no drives would work, I said that particular drive in question wouldn't. Also, don't assume that if they only have one cable that they'll work. Some drives have surge current on startup that can trigger the OCI (Over current indicator) in USB controllers. Modern PCs sometimes ignore these flags, as they can quite easily provide several amps down the USB ports, but battery powered devices are usually a lot more strict.
I blew out a port on the hub in my USB keyboard with an Atmel firmware USB device I was making, then I plugged it in directly to the PC and let the cable get real hot and a little gooey before I realized the problem. I guess the motherboard had a really good 5v line attached to that port
, because I found the errant wire on my solderless breadboard and there was no damage done (except that keyboard, still need to check for an SMD fuse and see if it is reparable, no rush, there is another USB port on it.)
I guess my point is it is up to the mobo to decide how much power it supplies, with a desktop theoretically up to the PSU maximum unless something blows if it is connected direct to the PSU. But unless you have the wires shorted through a very low resistance I wouldn't expect any trouble.
500ma is fine, as long as your HDD spins up with it. I use a 4 NiMH battery pack (~4.8v, no regulator), in AA or AAA cells to run the USB devices on the GP2X adaptors I make. Something like this:
http://www.dealextreme.com/details.dx/sku.15048
You do have to be careful not to put alkalines into it though
, or worse the lithium AA batteries (1.7v per cell
)
Best would be a self-powered of course, or a li-ion 5v pack with plenty of juice to run the HDD.
At the possibility of dual 64GB SD cards it all gets a little silly for portable use. Even dual 8GB should hold you. And you could get a USB reader that holds a bunch of SD cards, or just hold the extra ones in a little pouch on the back of the screen.
Awesome, all the possibilities are making me dizzy. Truly a great system for people who like choices.