C/C++ and many others are
compiled to machine bytecode. This means native ARM instructions.
Python, Perl, Javascript, and many others are
nterpreted. The script remains in human readable form until executed, and is interpreted on the fly to machine code by an interpreter.
Java, C#/.net, Flash are
compiled to virtual machine (VM) bytecode. A virtual machine runs on your computer, translating from VM to machine code.
Each has it's advantages and disadvantages, but for the most part, OSS projects are written in C or C++, because of ideology, history, and for performance.
As of this time, gnash and swfdec Flash alternatives pretty much don't work at all. Flash has been one of the few things that I found annoying about running entirely Linux on all my machines. Adobe only releases versions for x86 Windows, PPC/x86 OSX, and x86 Linux. Only a week or two ago did they release a 64 bit version for Linux, and people have been ranting at them for years about 64 bit support for any architecture/OS, even Windows. An ARM version would be a good move on their part, given how much the embedded/mobile/ipod/portable market is growing, but don't expect that it will happen soon.
Java is a mixed beast. You gain portability but you suffer a hit in performance. The language is well designed and there are a lot of developers out there doing Java. However, the performance loss is a major detraction in gaming, a field where you usually have to wring every drop of processing power out of the machine to keep on the cutting edge of the field. C++ is usually the tool of choice for game development. With how fast newer computers are getting, it's not unheard of to have people write games in Java, or even in Python or other interpreted language. I'm not sure how well OpenJDK would run on Pandora, but it might not be too bad. The memory requirements usually are the killer, as I've got 2 gigs of memory on my dekstop and I use half a gig of memory and half my 2.6 dual core processor cycles when running Eclipse, which is albeit a very large program. Eclipse bogs down horribly on the pitiful 512 MB 2 gHz Pentium 4 I run at work, though if I run a stripped down Ubuntu with Fluxbox I can keep enough memory available to actually run my applications. Java is nowhere near as slow as it used to be, with improvements made in the VM and Just in Time compilation. On the other hand, Java has proved to have its place in a number of places, but it's closed source nature up until last year kept a lot of OSS developers away from it. It is the language that is being taught in CS departments now instead of C++, and has huge marketshare in enterprise settings, but just not that much in games.
C#/.Net are a Microsoft thing. The language itself is well designed, and usually weds the good things from C++/C with the good things from Java. The reason they developed it pisses me off though. As Java bytecode could be run on any machine (with a proper VM) without recompiling, Redmond didn't like threats to their monopoly. They couldn't get Sun to bend, so they decided to make their own proprietary thing. Microsoft's implementation is actually pretty good in terms of doing what it is supposed to. The Mono project was created to make open-source tools to work with C# and implements the ISO and EMCA standard, but it does lack things that Microsoft make part of it's included packages, some of which even have patents. I don't recall seeing any OSS projects using C# lately, because the kind of people who use C# are Windows developers and Linux/OSS people usually stick with C/C++l. Being another virtual machine compiled language, you suffer the same pitfalls as Java in terms of performance, and Java is probably faster due to more interest in the community placed on Java. C# is gaining some place in gaming due to Microsoft pushing it as a language to develop XBOX360 games, but that's not the same market, and you cannot simply grab Windows code and expect it to run on Mono.
Check out this page for the best set of language benchmarks I've seen:
http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
You'll notice that C and C++ usually get the best scores in everything. Python is also really fast for an interpreted language, and Java and C# Mono do well. However, these aren't for programs like graphics processing and games, and you need to take the results with a grain of salt. Read the FAQ for info about the benchmarks.
Your Swirl game is actually Javascript based, not Flash. I have seen a Flash version of that game, though I don't know what it is called. Running the Javascript would be up to how fast Firefox or your other browser could handle it. Manipulating the DOM like that isn't too hard on your resources, so it should be fine. Reimplementing the game to run outside the browser would be better though.
On the kind of platform we are running, every little thing counts, and excesses that can be excused on a machine with lots of extra RAM and a processor cycles will bog you down. I'm of the opinion that Java in general is feasible, but probably impractical for large scale applications. There don't even seem to be very many games in Java or C# compared to C/C++. Python is really becoming the higher order language of choice for many OSS projects, even in games (Frozen Bubble, etc). Flash is definitely a big market, but we are still tied down by incomplete OSS implementations and no proprietary solution.